Alexander von Humboldt’s ideas on volcanism and their influence on Russian scientists

Autor/innen

  • Alexander Zemtsov

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18443/66

Schlagworte:

1829, P. Kropotkin, P. Semenov, Samarium, Vulkanismus

Abstract

Abstract

The article provides historical background for Alexander von Humboldt’s expedition into Russia in 1829. It includes information on Humboldt’s works and publications in Russia over the course of his lifetime, as well as an explanation of the Russian scientific community’s response to those works. Humboldt’s ideas on the existence of an active volcano in Central Asia attracted the attention of two prominent Russian geographers, P. Semenov and P. Kropotkin, whose views on the nature of volcanism were quite different. P. Semenov personally met Humboldt in Berlin. P. Kropotkin made one of the most important geological discoveries of the 19th Century: he found the fresh volcanic cones near Lake Baikal.

Soon after Humboldt’s Russian expedition, and partly as a result of it, an important mineral was found in the Ilmen mountains – samarskite, which later gave its name to the chemical element Samarium, developed in 1879. At the beginning of the 20th Century, the Russian scientist V. Vernadskiy pointed out that samarskite was the first uranium-rich mineral found in Russia.

Autor/innen-Biografie

Alexander Zemtsov

Ph.D. (geology, mineralogy), born 1948. Participated in expeditions to study the Tjatja eruption in 1973 (Kuril Islands) and the Tolbatchik fissure eruption in 1975-1976 (Kamchatka). Researches the structure of basaltic erupted material (tephra) and volcanic glasses. Currently studies the history of volcanology in Russia in the 19th and 20th Centuries as a researcher with the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Zitationsvorschlag

Zemtsov, A. (2005). Alexander von Humboldt’s ideas on volcanism and their influence on Russian scientists . HiN - Alexander Von Humboldt Im Netz. Internationale Zeitschrift für Humboldt-Studien, 6(11), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.18443/66

Ausgabe

Rubrik

Humboldts Russland-Reise